Heart Failure in Clinical Practice by Michael Y. Henein

Author:Michael Y. Henein
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer London, London

RQ is <1 when either fats or proteins are the major substrate being metabolized, because they have more carbon atoms per unit oxygen.

During exercise, ventilation and the carbon dioxide exhaled increase linearly, but in heart failure for a given production of carbon dioxide, the minute ventilation required is greater, or in other words the slope of this relationship (the VE/VCO2 slope) is steeper.27 This excessive ventilatory response or exercise hyperpnea, expressed as ventilation per unit of carbon dioxide produced or (VE/VCO2) slope is a marker for poor prognosis in heart failure.28, 29 Moreover, the worse the exercise capacity, the more exaggerated is this respiratory response.30

Mathematically, the VE/VCO2 ratio (which is similar in behavior to the slope) is determined by the following equation:

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